ABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta um trabalho que consistiu no levantamento quantitativo das publicações sobre a Agenda 2030 de Desenvolvimento Sustentável na América Latina, ou que foram escritas por autores afiliados às instituições da região, focando no tema saúde. Foram realizadas buscas em bancos de dados, para o período entre janeiro de 2009 e maio de 2017, e encontradas 127 publicações voltadas para o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 3 Boa Saúde e Bem-Estar. A maior parcela dos resultados (92%) é constituída de artigos científicos que foram descritos segundo o ano e veículo de publicação, instituições de filiação dos autores e sua localização. Quase a metade das publicações (47%) foi feita sem a participação de organizações latino-americanas e em apenas 30% dos casos o primeiro autor pertence a uma organização latino-americana. Esse quadro se torna mais nítido quando se observa a concentração da produção latinoamericana em torno de organizações brasileiras: a produção científica sobre as resoluções da Agenda 2030 em relação à saúde ainda está ausente em grande parte do território latino-americano.
This article presents a work that consisted of a quantitative research about publications on Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development in Latin America, or written by authors affiliated with institutions in the region, focusing on health. A search using databases on the subject for the period between January 2009 and May 2017 was made, and 127 publications focusing on Sustainable Development Goal 3 Good Health and Well-Being. The majority (92%) of the publications were scientific articles and were described in relation to the year and vehicle of publication, authors' affiliation institutions and their location. Almost half of the publications (47%) were made without the participation of Latin American organizations and only 30% of cases have the first author who belongs to a Latin American organization. This picture becomes clearer when we see the concentration of Latin American production at Brazilian organizations: scientific production onAgenda 2030 regarding health is still absent in much of the Latin American territory.
Este artículo presenta un trabajo que ha consistido en el levantamiento cuantitativo de las publicaciones sobre la Agenda 2030 en América Latina o que fueron escritas por autores afiliados a instituciones de la región con el foco en salud. Se realizaron búsquedas en bancos de datos para el período entre 2009 y mayo de 2017. Se encontraron 127 publicaciones sobre el Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible 3 Salud y Bienestar. Constituyen la mayoría (92%) artículos científicos que fueron descritos según el año y el vehículo de publicación, las instituciones de filiación de los autores y su ubicación. En casi la mitad de las publicaciones (47%) no hubo participación de organizaciones latinoamericanas y solamente en 30% de los casos el primer autor pertenece a una organización latinoamericana. Este cuadro es más nítido cuando observada la concentración de la producción latinoamericana en organizaciones brasileñas: La producción científica sobrela Agenda 2030 en el área de la salud todavía está ausente en gran parte de la América Latina.
Subject(s)
Social Welfare , Health Status , Scholarly Communication , Sustainable Development , Databases, Bibliographic , Academies and Institutes , Scientific and Technical Activities , Health Policy , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
Resumo O Brasil, juntamente com todos os países membros das Nações Unidas, está num processo de adoção de um conjunto de Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, incluindo metas e indicadores. Este artigo considera as implicações desses objetivos e metas propostos, para a região do semiárido do Brasil, região que apresenta secas recorrentes e que pode ser agravada com as mudanças climáticas, piorando a situação de acesso à quantidade e qualidade da água para consumo humano e, como consequência, também as condições de saúde das populações expostas. Este estudo identifica a relação entre seca e saúde, no intuito de medir o progresso nessa região (1.135 municípios), comparando indicadores relevantes com os outros 4.430 municípios do país, baseado e censos de 1991, 2000 e 2010. Importantes desigualdades entre os municípios dessa região e os do resto do Brasil foram identificadas e discutidas no contexto do que é necessário para alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável na região do semiárido, principalmente em relação às medidas de adaptação para o acesso universal e equitativo à água potável.
Abstract Brazil, together with all the member countries of the United Nations, is in a process of adoption of a group of Sustainable Development Goals, including targets and indicators. This article considers the implications of these goals and their proposed targets, for the Semi-Arid region of Brazil. This region has recurring droughts which may worsen with climate change, further weakening the situation of access of water for human consumption in sufficient quantity and quality, and as a result, the health conditions of the exposed populations. This study identifies the relationship between drought and health, in an effort to measure progress in this region (1,135 municipalities), comparing relevant indicators with the other 4,430 municipalities in Brazil, based on census data from 1991, 2000 and 2010. Important inequalities between the municipalities of this region and the municipalities of the rest of Brazil are identified, and discussed in the context of what is necessary for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the Semi-arid Region, principally in relation to the measures for adaptation to achieve universal and equitable access to drinking water.
Subject(s)
Humans , Climate Change , Conservation of Natural Resources , Goals , Brazil , Cities , Health Status Disparities , DroughtsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diabetes is one of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which is rising significantly across sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and posing a threat to the social, economic, and cultural fabric of the SSA population. The inclusion of NCDs into the post-2015 development agenda along with the global monitoring framework provides an opportunity to monitor progress of development programmes in developing countries. This paper examines challenges associated with dealing with diabetes within the development agenda in SSA and explores some policy options. DESIGN: This conceptual review draws from a range of works published in Medline and the grey literature to advance the understanding of the post-2015 development agenda and how it relates to NCDs. The paper begins with the burden of diabetes in sub-Sahara Africa and then moves on to examine challenges associated with diabetes prevention, treatment, and management in Africa. It finishes by exploring policy implications. RESULTS: With regards to development programmes on NCDs in the SSA sub-continent, several challenges exist: 1) poor documentation of risk factors, 2) demographic transitions (rapid urbanisation and ageing), 3) the complementary role of traditional healers, 4) tuberculosis and the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as risk factors for diabetes, 5) diabetes in complex emergencies, 6) diabetes as an international development priority and not a policy agenda for many SSA countries, and 7) poorly regulated food and beverage industry. CONCLUSION: For the post-2015 development agenda for NCDs to have an impact, sufficient investments will be needed to address legislative, technical, human, and fiscal resource constraints through advocacy, accountability, political leadership, and effective public-private partnership. Striking the right balance between competing demands and priorities, policies, and implementation strategies hold the key to an effective response to diabetes in SSA countries.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Health Policy , Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology , Developing Countries , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Health Behavior , Humans , Medicine, African Traditional , Population Dynamics , Program Evaluation , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The world has made a great deal of progress through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to improve the health and well-being of people around the globe, but there remains a long way to go. Here we provide reflections on Rwanda's experience in working to meet the health-related targets of the MDGs. This experience has informed our proposal of five guiding principles that may be useful for countries to consider as the world sets and moves forward with the post-2015 development agenda. These include: 1) advancing concrete and meaningful equity agendas that drive the post-2015 goals; 2) ensuring that goals to meet Universal Health Coverage (UHC) incorporate real efforts to focus on improving quality and not only quantity of care; 3) bolstering education and the internal research capacity within countries so that they can improve local evidence-based policy-making; 4) promoting intersectoral collaboration to achieve goals, and 5) improving collaborations between multilateral agencies - that are helping to monitor and evaluate progress towards the goals that are set - and the countries that are working to achieve improvements in health within their nation and across the world.
ABSTRACT
The Japanese government at present is implementing international health and medical growth strategies mainly from the viewpoint of business. However, the United Nations is set to resolve the Post-2015 Development Agenda in the fall of 2015; the agenda will likely include the achievement of universal health coverage (UHC) as a specific development goal. Japan's healthcare system, the foundation of which is its public, nationwide universal health insurance program, has been evaluated highly by the Lancet. The World Bank also praised it as a global model. This paper presents suggestions and problems for Japan regarding global health strategies, including in regard to several prerequisite domestic preparations that must be made. They are summarized as follows. (1) The UHC development should be promoted in coordination with the United Nations, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank. (2) The universal health insurance system of Japan can be a global model for UHC and ensuring its sustainability should be considered a national policy. (3) Trade agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) should not disrupt or interfere with UHC, the form of which is unique to each nation, including Japan. (4) Japan should disseminate information overseas, including to national governments, people, and physicians, regarding the course of events that led to the establishment of the Japan's universal health insurance system and should make efforts to develop international human resources to participate in UHC policymaking. (5) The development of separate healthcare programs and UHC preparation should be promoted by streamlining and centralizing maternity care, school health, infectious disease management such as for tuberculosis, and emergency medicine such as for traffic accidents. (6) Japan should disseminate information overseas about its primary care physicians (kakaritsuke physicians) and develop international human resources. (7) Global health should be developed in integration with global environment problem management. (8) Support systems, such as for managing large-scale disasters of international scale or preventing the spread of infectious diseases, should be developed and maintained. (9) International healthcare policy, which the Japanese government is trying to promote in accordance with international trends, and international development of Japanese healthcare industry should be reconsidered.
ABSTRACT
With the 2015 deadline for fast approaching the millennium development goals ( MDGs) , attention has turned to what should follow.The post-2015 development agenda is due to be adopted by the world leaders in a high-level summit which was held in New York in September 2015 .This paper summarizes the health-related MDGs progress and suggestions, describes the negotiations process on the health-related post-2015 development agenda, dis-cusses the proposed framework of the sustainable development goals and its indicators, and then provides some sug-gestions on the Chinese participation in the post-2015 development agenda as well as in the upcoming high-level sum-mit.
ABSTRACT
This paper reviews some of the existing food security indicators, discussing the validity of the underlying concept and the expected reliability of measures under reasonably feasible conditions. The main objective of the paper is to raise awareness on existing trade-offs between different qualities of possible food security measurement tools that must be taken into account when such tools are proposed for practical application, especially for use within an international monitoring framework. The hope is to provide a timely, useful contribution to the process leading to the definition of a food security goal and the associated monitoring framework within the post-2015 Development Agenda.
Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Food Supply , Agriculture , Algorithms , Diet , Food , Global Health , Hunger , International Cooperation , Malnutrition , Nutrition Surveys , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Research Design , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
Women's health is currently shaped by the confluence of two important policy trends - the evolution of health system reform policies and from the early 1990s onwards, a strong articulation of a human rights-based approach to health that has emphasised laws and policies to advance gender equality and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). The drive for sexual and reproductive rights represents an inclusive trend towards human rights to health that goes beyond the right to health services, directing attention to girls' and women's rights to bodily autonomy, integrity and choice in relation to sexuality and reproduction. Such an expanded concept of the right to health is essential if laws, policies and programmes are to respect, protect and fulfil the health of girls and women. However, this expanded understanding has been ghettoised from the more mainstream debates on the right to health and was only partially included in the Millennium Development Goals. The paper argues in favour of a twofold approach in placing SRHR effectively in the context of the post-2015 development agenda: first, firmly ground it in an inclusive approach to the right to health; and second, drawing on two decades of national-level implementation, propose a forward-looking agenda focusing on quality, equality and accountability in policies and in programmes. This can build on good practice while addressing critical challenges central to the development framework itself.
Subject(s)
Goals , Reproductive Health , Reproductive Rights , Congresses as Topic , Consensus , Female , Humans , Male , Reproductive Health/trends , Reproductive Rights/trendsABSTRACT
The greatest challenge today is to meet the needs of current and future generations, of a large and growing world population, without imposing catastrophic pressures on the natural environment. Meeting this challenge depends on decisive policy changes in three areas: more inclusive economic growth, greener economic growth, and population policies. This article focuses on efforts to address and harness demographic changes for sustainable development, which are largely outside the purview of the current debate. Efforts to this end must be based on the recognition that demographic changes are the cumulative result of individual choices and opportunities, and that demographic changes are best addressed through policies that enlarge these choices and opportunities, with a focus on ensuring unrestricted and universal access to sexual and reproductive health information and services, empowering women to fully participate in social, economic and political life, and investing in the education of the younger generation beyond the primary level. The article provides a strong argument for why the Programme of Action that was agreed at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) 20 years ago continues to hold important implications and lessons for the formulation of the post-2015 development agenda, which is expected to supersede the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
